The Stages of Consumer Buying Decision Process Essay Example for Free

The Stages of Consumer Buying Decision Process Essay A buyer purchase an item or administration just because. The more prominent expense or hazard, the bigger the quantity of members and the more noteworthy their data gathering. New errand purchasing is the advertiser most noteworthy chance and challenge. The procedure goes through a few phases. They are: 1. Mindfulness 2. Intrigue 3. Assessment 4. Preliminary 5. Appropriation Frameworks Buying and Selling Numerous business purchasers want to purchase an all out answer for an issue from one merchant. Framework purchasing †The training that started with government acquisition of significant weapons and correspondence frameworks. The contractual worker who has granted the agreement would be liable for offering out and collecting the framework subcomponents from second level temporary worker. This is the prime contractual worker gives a turnkey arrangement. Framework Contracting †A solitary provider furnishes the purchaser with all required MRO supplies (upkeep, fix, and working supplies). During the agreement time frame, the providers dealt with the client stock. Framework selling is a key modern promoting methodology in offering to construct enormous scope mechanical venture, for example, dams, steel industrial facilities, water system frameworks, pipelines utilities, and even new towns. Members in the Business Buying Process Buying operators are powerful in straight rebuy and adjusted rebuy circumstances while other office personel are increasingly compelling in new-purchase circumstances. The Buying Center 1. Initiators Clients or others in the association who demand that something be bought 2. Clients The individuals who will utilize the item or administration. As a rule, the clients start the purchasing proposition and help characterize the item necessity. 3. Influencers People who impact the purchasing choices, frequently by characterizing particulars and giving data to assessing choices. Specialized personel are especially significant influencers. 4. Deciders Individuals who choose item prerequisite or on providers 5. Approvers Individuals who approve the proposed activities of deciders or purchasers 6. Purchasers Individuals who have formal power to choose the providers and organize the buy terms. Purchasers may help shape item details, however they assume their significant job in choosing sellers and arranging. In increasingly complex buys, purchasers may incorporate elevated level directors 7. Guardians Individuals who have the ability to keep vender or informations from arriving at individuals from the purchasing place. For instance, buying specialists, secretary, and phone administrators may keep salespersons from reaching client or deciders. Purchasing Center Targeting To focus on their endeavors appropriately, business advertisers need to make sense of: Who are the significant choice member? What choices do they impact? What is their degree of impact? What assessment models do they use? The business advertisers isn't probably going to know precisely what sort of gathering dynamic occur during the choice procedure, albeit whatever data he can acquire about characters and relational elements are helpful. Stages in the Buying Process 1. Issue Recognation The purchasing procedure starts when somebody in the organization perceives an issues or need that can be met by gaining a decent or administration. The recognation can be activated by interior and outer upgrades. Inward improvements may be that the organization chooses to build up another item and needs new hardware and materials or a machine separates and requires new parts. Remotely, the purchaser may get new thoughts at an expo, see and advertisement, or get a call from a salesperson who offers a superior item or a lower cost. 2. General Need Description and Product Specification The purchaser decides the required item’s general qualities and required amount. The purchaser will work with others engineers, clients, to characterize attributes, for example, dependability, toughness, or cost. Business advertisers can help by depicting how their items meet or even surpass the purchaser needs. The purchasing association presently builds up the item’s specialized detail. Regularly, the organization will dole out an item esteem examination designing group to the task. Item esteem Analysis (PVA) is a way to deal with cost decrease that reviews segment to decide if they can be upgraded or normalized or made by the less expensive techniques for creation. The PVA group will distinguish overdesigned segments, for example that last longer for the item itself.

The Function Of Subtitle

The Function Of Subtitle As indicated by Mitterer H, McQueen JM, their book named Foreign Subtitle Help however Native Language Subtitle Harm Foreign Speech Perception. Understanding the outside discourse isn't simple in like manner, particularly on account of uncommon mapping among sounds and words. It is realized that crowds in their local language can utilize lexical information (about now words should sound) to figure out how to pronouns an uncommon remote word in the film. Captions are ordinarily arranged in a film, to give lexical data, bolster perceptual finding out about remote discourse for those crowds. As indicated by Cai Q, Brysbaert M, his book SUBTLEX-CH: Chinese Word and Character. Captions are additionally makes video increasingly available for individuals with hearing incapacities or hard of hearing. It is difficult to listen when the new territorial highlight is in new unknown dialects. The uncommon remote vowels and consonants may confuse more with local sound classifications, truly will neglect to coordinate any local classification. This circumstance emerges, for instance, when we watch a film in a non-local language, a Malaysian audience, familiar with English and Chinese, viewing a Thailand film. The individual in question may have impressive trouble understanding the language utilized in the film. To receive each one of those movies or film into target language culture, producers use naming, voice-over and captions to make the film progressively adequate to those remote nations. In addition, captions can decipher discourse, signs, letters and demonstrate sounds to help the hard of hearing and in need of a hearing aide to see more and follow the plot of the film. As per reference book, it said that caption is utilized to decipher already unheard words in a film for those crowds. The capacity to encode rules and to recognize rule-disregarding occasions outside the focal point of consideration is crucial for versatile conduct. Our mind accounts uncover that infringement of theoretical sound-related guidelines are handled in any event, when the sounds are missing. At the point when subjects played out an undertaking identified with the sounds however not to the standard, rule infringement impeded assignment identified with the sounds yet not to the standard, rule infringement debilitated errand execution and initiated a system including supratemporal, parietal and frontal territories albeit none of the subjects obtained express information on the standard or got mindful of rule infringement. The finding this happens in any event, when subjects don't present the sounds bolsters the speculation that theoretical standard encoding happens accidentally. The fleeting and auxiliary qualities of the pertinent cerebrum reaction (MMN) were for all intents and purposes indistinguishable in all conditions, that is, when subjects were disregarding the sounds, when they went to the sounds yet controls were task-insignifi cant, and when they went to the sounds and rules were task-significant.( Schrã ¶ger E, Bendixen A, Trujillo-Barreto NJ, Roeber U ,2007) As indicated by the Wikipedia, It declares that captions showed at the base of a film or TV screen that decipher or interprets the discourse or story in the film. It is likewise giving extra data about its substance like monolog, mind-thinking and feeling. Those captions can be in various classes: account, constrained, content, titles just, reward, restricted and broadened/extended. While circulating substance, captions can show up in one of 3 sorts: Hard (otherwise called hard-captions or open captions), Prerendered (otherwise called shut captions are isolated video outlines that are overlaid on the first video stream while playing), Delicate (otherwise called delicate captions or shut captions). The beneficial outcomes of captions As indicated by Mitterer H and McQueen JM, their book Foreign Subtitle Help however Native Language Subtitle Harm Foreign Speech Perception, what the gathering found the best bit of leeway of captions is the way that it saves the first sound track. Because of the captions, the entertainers talk with their unique voice, and the climate sounds are not disturbed by voice-over or embedded naming chronicles. At the point when the crowds read the captions, they will more comprehend about the activity, feeling and the articulation by the on-screen characters in the film. Therefore, the crowds will turn out to be more intrigue and can be followed the part on the film. The captions in a film additionally center around the discourse demonstration of characters. Crowd can follow the film by perusing the captions at the base of the screen. It fill in as a guide not just for the hard of hearing and in need of a hearing aide, yet in addition for individuals who get familiar with the unknown dialec ts or who need visual guide aside structure sound contribution for study. It is to guarantee the contemplating unknown dialect process is successful. So the impacts are a higher priority than lexical components. Captions in the language of the film demonstrate which words are being expressed, thus can help discourse finding out about remote discourse sounds and pronouns. The audience members can figure out how to decipher a questionable phoneme based on disambiguating lexical settings. That is the reason the film consistently has arranged the remote captions for the crowds. As per Cai Q, Brysbaert M, the book was named SUBTLEX-CH: Chinese Word and Character. Captions given the earlier work on lexical retuning inside the local language, and the recommendation that adjustment to outside emphasized discourse is to some extent lexically determined, might be lexical retuning additionally in second-language tuning in. That is, audience members might have the option to retune discourse sound classes dependent on their insight about how outside words should sound or pronouns. Inside captions, those audience members can find out about new provincial accents in an unknown dialect in the film by perusing captions arranged. It is a component of lexically-guided perceptual learning. English captions should give gave in the greater part of the movies, since it is universal language. It can give the additional data about the words being verbally expressed by a character. As per encyclopedia.com, captions are an extremely helpful methods of conveying what is being said on the film to hard of hearing individuals. Captions are additionally utilized for some different reasons than this, and hard of hearing individuals frequently incline toward not to have them or to utilize another technique in view of the downside of captioning. Likewise, outside film are frequently captioned to permit the individuals who don't have the foggiest idea about the language to follow the activity. As a genuine model, a great deal of Thailand film are captioned with English for the crowds to ensure the film satisfactory by others in outside nations like Malaysia. As indicated by the United Kingdom News and magazine, there kept in touch with some remark about the captions. Captions can give an extra wellspring of data about the words that being verbally expressed, and subsequently the sounds being heard, thus should strengthen lexically-guided learning. Our database is the first to incorporate data about the logical decent variety of the words and to give great recurrence appraisals to multi-character words and the diverse syntactic jobs in which the words are utilized. The word frequencies are unreservedly accessible for look into purposes. Captions are a decent gauge of day by day language introduction and catch a great part of the fluctuation in words preparing proficiency. As per the Wikipedia, it declares that caption is a gift and it truly causes the individuals to comprehend the plot of the film. It is likewise not an issue for individuals who watching film in an over-burden mood melodies and surrounding commotion condition. It is a valid justification why the guardians can take care their kid when viewing a film. In the event that you don't comprehend a word that have been verbally expressed by the entertainer, you may take a gander at the caption, it enables hearing debilitated individuals to comprehend a film. Individuals will more comprehend what the characters are stating and show signs of improvement thought of what's going on. The negative impacts of captions Captions are restricted both in existence. A normal caption comprises of a couple of lines of content, most extreme 35 characters each. This confinement joined with the way that on caption is all things considered showed for four seconds gives us tough time to cover long expressions in dialogs.(Richard Curtis, 2003) As indicated by United Kingdom News and magazine, another fundamental weakness is the captions are essentially focusing on proficient individuals with perusing abilities created to a high degree. It is required from crowd to peruse sufficiently brisk and don't just focus on the captions, yet in addition the picture above or simply behind the captions, and regularly requires from them to utilize the two aptitudes at the same time. Is that incomprehensible focuses on both in an entire film? Obviously, for non-hard of hearing individuals they can in any case hear the feeling in an entertainers voice regardless of whether it is in an alternate or unknown dialect however it is difficult to follow such a significant number of things. Different nations like to name program and film-where an entertainer communicating in the language of the nation where it is to be indicated is recorded over the first language. Be that as it may, this is exorbitant and tedious and just worth the while of the team in the event that it is to be appeared to an enormous number of individuals. In any case, once more, comparative contentions win with respect to subtleties being lost-particularly as the captions will in general be an accurate interpretation as opposed to considering, and feelings being lost. Leo Freedman has a remark about the issue. I saw a great caption botch multi month ago㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦there was a report on the report about another business arrangement that would profit a large number of jobless and devastated Indian residents à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢ ¦the caption read If this approach works, it might be set to accomplish considerably more that my lounger man Ghandi! That kept me entertained for a considerable length of time! Or then again perhaps Muhatma had a lounger organization I am uninformed of? As indicated by the Wikipedia, it said that interpretation of captioning is here and there altogether different from the interpretation of composed content. Typically, the editorial manager will watch the image and tune in to the sound sentence by sentence when a film or a film is captioned. The supervisor could possibly approach a composed transcript of the

The Powerful Guide on IRAC method By Industry Experts

The Powerful Guide on IRAC method By Industry Experts Here we are going to share with you the complete guide on the IRAC method. Lets get started:- What is IRAC method? Summary What is IRAC method?How to Use the IRAC method?Importance of the IRAC methodIRAC stands for:ComponentsIssueRuleApplication or analysisConclusionThe IRAC method is not applicable for all types of questionsHow to Brief a Case Using the “IRAC” MethodConclusion IRAC is a method applied in composing specific legal reports and documents. The IRAC method is planned to give a useful way to organize your thoughts. It can also be applied to summarize a legal opinion and make a case brief. It gives an effective way to outline the opinion of a court. How to Use the IRAC method? IRAC stands for issue, rule, analysis, and conclusion. It is the way to answer the question of the examination. The concept behind IRAC is that students should go through the pattern of the exam. It includes the detection of several issues as they can, state the rules of law, apply the law to the facts, and then reach conclusions. Importance of the IRAC method IRAC method is a systematic way to legal analysis is beneficial for various purposes. First, legal writing is most of the time confusing. IRAC method supports remove complicated terminology, fact patterns, and legal analysis into easier to know blocks of text. You can also remove or reorder a section to show an organized and clear summary of a specific legal scenario. IRAC stands for: I = identify the issuesR = state the applicable rulesA = apply the rules to the facts of the case applyC = the result of applying the law to the facts. Conclusion Components Issue When you are going to involve in legal analysis issue spotting, then the issue has become the most crucial skills to develop. The issue is the problem or question to be resolved by the use of a legal rule. Some issues that you can require to resolve, such as issues of liability, defence to liability, and so on. Rule If you require to find the rule that uses an issue, then you will have to involve in legal research. Legal rules come from 4 main sources, such as case law, regulations, statutes, and federal and state constitutions. Application or analysis The law is used to the facts to resolve the issue. If you are reading a court case, the court will invest time describing how it used the law to the facts to reach its decision. You can also select to use legislation when applicable. Conclusion The conclusion is the outcome of the use of the law to the facts applied to resolve the issue of law. In the opinion of the court, the conclusion is the decision or holding of the court. Most of the time, the conclusion can be quite short. The IRAC method is not applicable for all types of questions You can solve the problem based questions with the IRAC method. The have got a “explain the benefits and limitations of indefeasibility in property law” type of question, and then you will require to find another method to answer this question. I wouldn’t like to recommend the IRAC for these types of questions. Some of the common places where you may employ this method include: Review of case lawPractically every aspect of legal writing containing, but not limited to, legal memoranda, case briefing, and legal briefs.Assessment of the merits of a potential client matterAn aid to help define what evidence is essential to defend or prosecute a case How to Brief a Case Using the “IRAC” Method Your objective is to decrease the information from the case into a format that will give you a useful reference in class and for review.It is essential to hold the issue the court faced.The applicable law the court applied to solve it.How the court used the rule to the facts and the result.You will then be ready to not only discuss the case but to relate and contrast it to different cases containing the same problem. Conclusion An IRAC method gives such as self-evident conclusion by leading the reader by the logical analysis of an argument. focusing on the legal issues at hand, presenting the relevant rules of law, applying those rules to the related facts at hand, and lastly, yielding the logical conclusion of the dispute in question. If you follow these guidelines, you will write a concise and clear IRAC answer- one that will be best for most of the answers that various students of law are familiar to writing.Get the best assignment help from the experts.

The Mexican-American War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1795 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/06/17 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Manifest Destiny Essay War Essay Did you like this example? Manifest Destiny was the belief that American expansion was destined to expand across the continent going westward. The Mexican American War was fought to defend territory that the US wanted and resulted in the Mexican Cession. The war was fought from April 25th 1846- February 2, 1842. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Mexican-American War" essay for you Create order James K. Polk was president at this time and wanted to make America great and powerful. Polk was very big into expansion and believed that he could rule over the land from sea to sea. Polk and his army fought in the Mexican American War in order to win over all the land that could make Polks dream of ruling from sea to sea true. In the war the US Army was fighting against the Mexican Army, led by their president Jose Joaquin Herreara. The Mexican Army and Mexico believed that Texas and the other western territories belonged to them and that the US should not be able to expand and take over the area in the west. However, the US was trying to to grow across North America and nothing was going to get in their way of doing this. Polk and the rest of the US dreamed about moving across the country, which is what manifest destiny was about; moving westward. Do to the US and Mexico not agreeing on land, the Mexican American War was declared. President James K. Polk justified the Mexican Ame rican war as a war of expansion to make American dominant. Before the war began, in 1836, Texas gained its independence from Mexico and established themselves as a lone state not belonging to any other nation. At first the US did not want anything to do with the state of Texas because it was supposed to be a slave state, but then in 1844 President Polk was elected as President of the United States and the term manifest destiny was created. President Polk had a dream of owning all the land from sea to sea and was going to do anything to get this land, even if it meant a war. Polk was big into expansion and found no better place but to move west on North America. One thing stood in the way of Polks dream of moving west and that was the Mexican Army and their President Jose Joaquin Herrera. Polk wanted Texas, California, New Mexico, and the Oregon Territory with everything in between. As Polk was planning on moving west, the word spread to the Mexicans and they started to create borders in Texas and made it clear to the US that if they wanted Texas their was going to be a war. Polk being set on his dream of wanting land from sea to sea ignored the fact of this and went along with his plans on moving west. In order for Polk to be successful, he knew that he needed to get the US to side with him. Polk justified that the land was going to help them in the future and made sure that it wasnt because he wanted more land and power. Polk decided to send troops out led by General Zachary Taylor of the US army to the Rio Grande. When the troops arrived, the Mexican cavalry killed 12 of the US men, but this was all of Polks plan of ruling over all the land. Polk ended up sending many men out to fight in different battles in order for his dream to become a reality. The Mexican Army soon began to realize that they were outnumbered, out-trained, and did not have enough weapons to attack the US, so they ended up having to retreat. Having Mexico retreat is what lead the US to many victories and is what lead them to the the 2 year long brutal war. After winning the small battles Polk ended up having the people of the US on his side, along with the support from the government, which was exactly what Polk needed to be successful. The US declared war on Mexico 2 short days after the attacks. May 13th was the beginning of the war that Polk wanted in order for his dream of expansion to come true. When war broke out against Mexico in May 1846, the United States Army numbered a mere 8,000, but soon 60,000 volunteers joined their ranks. The US took over the Rio Grande very easily, which worried the Mexican President. Looking for help the Mexican President reached out to general, Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who was going to lead the Mexican Forces into the battle of Buena Vista. After losing terribly in this battle of Buena Vista, Santa Anna took over as president and gained control of the Mexican forces. After taking control of the forces the Mexican Army still had a very hard time defending their territory as the US was gaining more and more people to help take down the Mexican Army. Polk Ended up sending 2 men out. John Fremont and Stephen Kearny were sent to control the coveted lands of California and New Mexico. Fremont secured California by 1847. Kearny easily secured New Mexico by 1846. After securing California, New Mexico and the Rio Grande, Polk was on his way to the m iddle of Mexico. The US was easily dominating over the Mexican Army because of the weapons that the US Army was using. They were using high tech weapons that the Mexicans did not have. They were using up to date muskets, rifles, pistols, revolvers, and swords to fight the Mexican Army. While the Mexican Army had the same weapons, they were just old and would often tend to not work when they needed them too. These advantages that the US had, paved the way for Polks dream to become a reality. As all of this was going on throughout North America, the people not fighting the war were worried that Polk was making decisions that would hurt them. Many started questioning what Polks intentions were with the war and thought that he was just wanting the land for the power. This was true but the people of the North were also not realizing that this was going to help them grow. As the war still was going on for the land, the US was slowly starting to dominant it. More and more deaths were happening for Mexico an d resulted in Santa Anna to retire. Soon after this the Mexican government collapsed. This did not stop the Mexican Army. They still were trying to fight for the land, but the US was becoming stronger and stronger that it was almost impossible for Mexico to have a chance. During this time the Mexican Army was being rebuilt. Once the Mexican Army was rebuilt and the US army made it to the middle of Mexico, Mexico was defeated leaving President Polk the ruler of all the land in the western territory. All that remained was negotiating the terms of peace. The US defeated the Mexican Army and Polk reached his goal of expansion. The Treaty to be signed would known as the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The Treaty was signed in Mexico and stated that the US had gained power over California, Texas, and the New Mexico Territory. Today that would be California, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, and Colorado. Winning the war brought the US a lot of land from the west. 525,000 Miles of new land was now owned by the US. This Helped the growing population spread out over all the land. The new land cost $15,000,000 and they estimated the war cost around $75,000,000. The new land was good for American people who needed a fresh start or just seeking new adventures. Finally the people had the option to move west if they wanted. This lead to a lot of Pioneers to move to the west to seek out the new land and the opportunity that awaited them. The new land was good for growing crops, hunting, and agriculture. They built towns all over the new land to start up new communities. They found gold in California and other n ew crops. This made it easier to trade with other countries because they were closer and had new agriculture. These are just a few examples of the result of winning the Mexican American War. Manifest Destiny was supposed to be a good thing because they were gaining land but that is not what the North thought. Abolitionists rightly feared that southerners would try to use newly acquired lands to expand slavery. Slavery was still a huge deal in the south and the North did not want that traveling up to them. The North thought more land equals more slaves. Along with all the new land, new borders were created, and new rules were instilled. Some states would allow slavery and some would not. This lead to the North and South not agreeing to the same things about slavery. Do to this many people were moving to new states, to make voting easier, whether they were for or against slavery. This ultimately lead to the famous Civil War. White supremacy was affecting the new land as well. White people believed that they were the only ones allowed to look for new land and move onto the new land. This lead the whites to brag about moving west and the others did not like this. Instead of enjoying the new land that Polk had won them, they were getting caught up in the rules and the slavery that the Mexican American War and Manifest Destiny brought them. Manifest Destiny was born while President James K. Polk was president. Manifest Destiny was the Expansion towards the west and that is exactly what Polk Did while fighting the Mexican American War. The war itself had many good things come about it and also some bad. For the US they gained a bunch of new land, and they fought the war mainly on foreign soil, but also the uprise of slavery began to take place and a lot of people died while fighting in the war. For mexico their were a lot of tragedies. They lost all of their territory to the US, many people died while fighting and their government was destroyed resulting in a new government and a new president. Polk successfully reached his goal of obtaining the new land. Manifest Destiny reflected the concept of the Mexican American war. President James K. Polk made America Dominant by winning the land of the western territory. He dreamed of expansion and did everything he could to get what he wanted. Whether that meant sending his tro ops into dangerous areas, it was all part of his plan, and his plan worked. The Mexican American war was about expansion and was a crucial turning point in history and only helped America grow from there.

Animal Rights, By Tom Regan - 1056 Words

The Vancouver Aquarium uses dolphins and belugas to provide entertainment and utilizes the profit gained, to aid them in research. In The Case for Animal Rights, Tom Regan’s moral principles state that there should be total abolition of the use of animals in science as well as for entertainment purposes (337). Moreover, he claims that humans and animals have equal values and rights. Based on this principle, I argue that the practices of the Vancouver Aquarium of using belugas and dolphins for scientific and entertainment purposes is immoral and thus unjustified. The Vancouver Aquarium houses dolphins and belugas, animals that undoubtedly experience various elements of life. Belugas and dolphins are able to communicate, can experience pain, are conscious, can make connections and develop relationships. We can assume that the animals were forced to live in a small surrounding and in isolation, which in turn could affect their emotional, physical, and psychological state. They ar e removed from their natural habitat, separated from the rest of their species, exploited, and deprived of their freedom. Being in captivity, the belugas and dolphins are not allowed to breed naturally and thus have limited sexual activity (Vancouver Aquarium). We can also assume that the well being of an animal or a living thing should not be compromised for the sake of frivolous endeavours such as entertainment and generating financial gains. Tom Regan’s stance on animal rights is embodied in aShow MoreRelated`` Animal Rights, Human Wrongs `` By Tom Regan893 Words   |  4 PagesEveryday individuals attempt to utilize a argument to influence individuals on a certain point which intrigues them or they are attempting to demonstrate to the world the true importance of something. In Animal Rights,Human Wrongs. writer Tom Regan discuss shows us how whales and many different animals are murdered on Earth utilizing his knowledge, records he observed and even realistic accounts of how some of these creatures are tormented and slaughtered by people. In his arguement he utilizes clearRead MoreCompare Tom Regan, Carl Cohen and Peter Singer in Terms of Animal Rights813 Words   |  4 PagesSynthesis Tom Regan, Carl Cohen, Peter Singer Animal rights are one of the most controversial issues today. There has been endless debate about whether or not animals have rights. Philosophers attempt to come up with the moral conclusions by taking in account the many different standpoints and presenting their related arguments. 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Regan’s argument will first be expressed, later explained, and evaluated in further detail. Lastly, that fact that Regan thinks rights are harbored under the circumstance of being an experiencing subject of a life will also be discussed inRead MoreAnimal Rights: Comparing the Views of Hasselstrom and Regan Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages1103-39 24 October 2011 Animal Rights: Comparing the Views of Hasselstrom and Regan Imagine an animal’s feeling of panic and fear as it is about to be killed by a hunter or the isolation experienced as an animal sits in a laboratory, separated from its family and natural habitat, waiting to be harmed by harsh testing methods. Imagine the frightened state of a mother or father watching their innocent baby being captured. After considering the brutality towards animals in these scenarios, take intoRead MoreA Criticism of Tom Regans Argument794 Words   |  3 PagesZoos Morally Defensible? 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Integrated Free Essays

Tyrone Galimore Professor Tania J Quinn 100 las Experience, Learning and Identity January 4, 2011 Malcolm x, self-educated his self in prison, and gained self confidence in reading and writing. I see myself in the same position. My whole life I felt I was in prison in the labor work force. We will write a custom essay sample on Integrated or any similar topic only for you Order Now `I am attempting to self educate myself at the college of New Rochelle. In an attempt to get a degree, so I can improve my finical situation. I am my biggest mentor at this point in my life, and you (Professor Quinn) seem to have a great influence on my education. Your energy and your personal stories inspire me to believe in myself. Like the tutor in educating Rita; he believed in Rita’s ability that she could learn and change her life around. My goal is to be a better writer and receive my under graduate Degree, and eventually getting my master degree in teaching, and one day becoming a teacher. The thing that held me back from achieving a College degree in the past was family. I was just like Rita’s husband who wanted a family, but in my situation I was thinking with the wrong head.I had a son, and had to support my family, so I got a second job to make more money, and dropout of school. â€Å"The allegory of the cave† According to those living inside the cave, their perception was their reality, and these people who stayed inside the cave could not see the light and were not open to new ideas, but those who left outside the cave had a greater understanding of the light’s reality and realized there was more to li fe. It would have been hard to return after finding this new knowledge. Galimore 2 Malcolm X wrote to the minister Elijah Muhammad at least twenty-five times.He must have written that first one-page letter to him, over and over. Malcolm was trying to make it both legible and understandable. He practically couldn’t read his own handwriting; it shamed him to even remember this. Malcolm’s spelling and his grammar was as bad, if not worse. Anyway, as well as he could express it, he said, Malcolm had been told about Elijah Muhammad by his brothers and sisters, and Malcolm apologized for his poor letter written. (Alex Haley p. 173) My whole life I felt entrapped to the life style I was living.A blue collar worker just barely able to pay the rent and feed my family. On the job I felt like a professional worker receiving migrant workers pay. My professional skills were fine tuned to perfection, and my bosses and co-workers always gave me the highest compliments when it came to my work performance. Promotions on the job came up frequently, and these positions would be posted publicly next to the staff’s mail boxes where I could see them daily. The frustrating thing was I could not apply for any of these positions because I was unqualified. Most of these positions required a College Degree, something I did not have. Galimore 3 It was because of Malcolm letters that he happened to stumble upon starting to acquire some kind of a homemade education. Malcolm was increasingly frustrated at not being able to express what he wanted to convey in letters that Malcolm wrote, especially those to Mr. Elijah Muhammad. In the streets, Malcolm had commanded attention when he said something. But now, trying to write simple English, he not only wasn’t articulate, Malcolm wasn’t even functional.How would he sound writing in slang, the way he would say it, something such as, â€Å"look, daddy, let me pull your coat about a cat, Elijah Muhammad—â€Å"Many who today hear Malcolm somewhere in person, or on television, or those who read something he said, will think Malcolm went to school far beyond the eighth grade. This impression is due entirely to Malcolm’s prison studies. (Alex Haley p. 174) I realized by not have a degree my finical situation would not change. Sure I could get another job, but that’s what led to the breakup of my family.Working to many hours and not spending quality time with them (workaholic). I also felt like I had no real respect given to me in the position I was in, and felt I was afraid to go back to college because I did not want anyone to know I was a college dropout. My handwriting, spelling, and grammar need improvement also. The college of New Rochelle is giving me the confidence to take charge my future. Galimore 4 Rita faced many obstacles in her academic progression. She had two main obstructions, one was her working class background and the second was her husband Denny.Denny’s views are very traditional when it comes to the role of a woman. He failed to support her education and tried his best to distract her whenever he could. In the end the marriage failed because of Rita’s pursuit of her studies. Socially Rita was confused, around her family she felt that she can be better and do something better with her life than just have children and be a support system to her husband, but in the other hand when around her peers she felt inferior to her fellow students for they were so knowledgeable and she had nothing to talk about. Even with her not being certain where exactly she fit in Rita still maintained enough confidence to push forward and accomplish her goals. I faced many of the same obstacles in my academic progressions as Rita did. My work background was always in a blue collar capacity, always missing out on job advancement opportunities which meant better salaries of me. Letting my finical responsibility to my family first instead for going back to college and completing my degree requirements. This would have put me in a better position to spend more time raising my kids.Don’t look at this in a negative way, my kids are doing fine and turned out to be great young men, but if I had it to do over. Money and Quality time is a good recipe for a successful relationship. Today I maintained enough confidences to push forward and accomplish my goals just like Rita. Galimore 5 â€Å"The allegory of the cave† According to those living inside the cave, their perception was their reality, and these people who stayed inside the cave could not see the light and were not open to new ideas, but those who left outside the cave had a greater understanding of the light’s reality and realized there was more to life.It would have been hard to return after finding this new knowledge. Growing up in the community I grow up in, seems to me know like the inside of a cave. My perception of reality was of the perception of those around me. A product of my environment, a person always chasing the money and not allowing the money to chase me. I was a person who would not venture to for from my community, but always wonder what it was like on the other side. Now that I am at the College of New Rochelle, I have a greater understanding and realize that I can accomplish more in life if I try.Going back to feeling like I am just a blue collar worker is unacceptable, for I see the torch and I am going to light it one day. Failure is not an option at this point in my life, so whatever it takes to accomplish this goal consider this goal accomplished. Professor Quinn I will see you at the finish line. Writing Assignment #4 Education is Liberating Tyrone Galimore LAS 100 – Experience, Learning and Identity Professor Tania J Quinn December 1, 2010 How to cite Integrated, Papers

The days of Eva Smith Essay Example For Students

The days of Eva Smith Essay Adventualy he starts to take responsibility for his actions and tries to support Eva while she is having this baby. But the way in which he does this is not appropriate. Instead of working hard to support the mother of his baby like any other man would he instead steals the money from his father. This is where Eva shows some morals and refuse to take the money he is offering to her. The moral standards of Eva are very different from the ones of Eric. This just shows how little respect Eric has for Eva. She wouldnt take it any more, and she didnt want to see me again. He thinks because she is a prostitute she will take whatever money is giving her no mater where it came from. Well he was wrong Eva shows her true character at this point in the play. It also shows that she never wanted to go to the job of prostitution, but she was forced to. This part of the play where Eric is involved just shows how much Mr Birling was a bad father. We will write a custom essay on The days of Eva Smith specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This was the last and final Birling she was going to be involved with. Mrs Birling gave her the final push to her grave. This cold-hearted stubborn so-called human being pushed Eva right to the edge. After having no support at all from Eric, Eva came to Mrs Birlings organisations looking for help while she was in need. Mrs Birling used her power to make sure the frail Eva Smith got no help from her organisation what so ever. This meant the end for Eva Smith with a baby on the way no one to support her and no job the only way to get money was to sell her self which would become a lot harder as time went with having a baby on the way. Mrs Birling was her last hope and she refused her straight away. Mrs Birling was even more hard-hearted than her husband. She is fully aware of her social states and she uses it to gain what ever she wants and in this case it is to make sure that Eva gets no help from her organisation. Mrs Birling sits on the on the local charity council, not because she wants to help the poor, but because she wants to feel more superior to the lower classes. Just as Mr Birling and Gerald, Mrs Birling finds it easy to brush away any responsibility or guilt with the death of Eva Smith, she is also very ignorant. I think this play is very well written by Priestly and I have a number of reasons why I think that. The first is the fact that the points he raises in this play where relevant then and are still relevant now and that is why the play is still popular now. It also deals with points that where the main problems back in the days of Eva Smith. It shows the people who are watching it that it was very hard life to live if you where part of the lower class. It shows how big companies dont care about employers they only care about the money they also act as if every penny is important. It also highlights the fact that women where the lowest part of society in those days and they got very little respect from people. I think one of the main points in this play this the comment made by Mr Birling. Which is everyone is responsible for each other it is quite ironic when you look at what he says because that just sums up the what happens between the Birlings and Eva Smith. I also think it is very clever the way Priestly writes that.  There have been big changes that have happened since this play was written. The role of women this has changed dramatically since back in those times. Women now go to work they dont all stay at homes they have also gained a lot of respect from men and people look at them very differently. Women now do have equal opportunities there are cases where this isnt the case but usual they are treated with the same respect as men. .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e , .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e .postImageUrl , .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e , .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e:hover , .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e:visited , .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e:active { border:0!important; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e:active , .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud6a82a3ef6dd673c97cc938c91d3706e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: William Shakespeares Macbeth Persuasive EssayHealthcare has changed for the better people can now have free help from doctors and they can be cared for till they are better. There is now a dole which people can claim if they dont work or have no way of income. There is now a system called family support which is where if you cant work then you get money off the government to help bring up your children. So as you can see things have hanged for the better and maybe if these things had been around while Eva was alive she would have lived a longer and I better life. Society has also has also changed there is better working standards there has been big changes in the economy and living standards have risen. This has all came about because people have learnt from their mistakes and they have improve to make the world a better place. There are also certain rules which would never allow standards to slip back to as bad as they where when the Birlings where around. I think this is a very cleverly written play by Priestly. Priestly builds up tension at the end of every scene by starting the interrogation of one of the characters. The tension in this play is built up an up right to the part where the inspector leaves. If you had a graph you could draw a straight line from the part in where he starts interrogating people to when he finishes. The tension then falls but it is then built up again when the telephone rings. So on your graph you would have sharp dip and a sharp rise. The role of the inspector is to find out about all the Birlings secrets and that is what he does. At the end of the day they are all to blame for the death of Eva Smith they all played a part which resulted in her down fall to death. I think the audience does need to see justice done and that is what Priestly tries to make them feel at the end of the play. But who is the real person to blame for the death of Eva Smith. That is why it would have been so hard to take people to court if this had been a real life account of peoples lives. This play plays on peoples minds and that is exactly what Priestly meant when he wrote it He wrote it to make people act like a community. But the final thing I would say would be that everyone is responsible for each other.

Angelas Ashes Summary Essay Example

Angelas Ashes Summary Essay Example Angelas Ashes Summary Essay Angelas Ashes Summary Essay Essay Topic: Bad Boy a Memoir Treasure Island Angela’s Ashes 9-4-12 5 hour 1. â€Å"You might be poor, your shoes might be broken, but your mind is a palace† (208). This quote was chosen because it had the most significance to the memoir out of all. The quote means even though you are poor and that you don’t have all the nicest things in life, you can make anything you want and have the greatest things in your mind with imagination. Life doesn’t have to be hard if you think positively about yourself. You can make anything of yourself and become anything you want to be. This quote had great significance to the novel because the McCourts were very poor and struggled in life, but Frank overcame it by thinking with his mind and overcoming challenges that he faced during his struggle. 2. â€Å"It’s lovely to know the world can’t interfere with the inside of your head† (202). This quote was chosen because Frank McCourt lived by it. Towards the end of the novel Frank McCourt wanted to quit school and just work like his father. Frank also wanted to go to America and start a new life of his own. Frank didn’t care what others thought about how he ran his life after he got a job, so he worked up to his goal, and became a successful young man. Frank didn’t allow others to take advantage of him and he stuck to his goal, and later succeeded. This quote shaped Frank McCourt as the main character and showed the readers of his book what he was like as a child. 3. â€Å"It’s hard to sleep when you know the next day you’re fourteen and starting your first job as a man† (309). I selected this quote because it was a positive turn of events in the memoir for the McCourts. It was also a dream come true for young Frank, taking a step into his adulthood. This was the time Frank took on the father role of his family, when the actual father was in London. It was the first stage in Frank’s life dream, of returning to America. It has much significance to the novel because when the family was on its last leg because of no money coming from London, young Frank put them back on their feet by bringing in food and money. Overall Frank kept the family surviving and also kept them together. 4. â€Å"I stagger to a chair and she says, Just like your father. I try to control the way my tongue moves in my mouth. I’d rather be, I’d rather, rather be like my father then Laman Griffin. She turns away from me and looks into the ashes in the range but I won’t leave her alone because I had my pint, two pints, and I’m sixteen tomorrow, a man† (340). I chose this quote out of the book because I saw Frank becoming a reflection of his unsupportive father. Frank at this point thinks he’s an adult when he’s really not and starts to drink like his father. Angela his mother knows by experience that this is bad news because all they do is drink the money away. Angela and Frank get into an argument where in the end Frank hits his mother which changes their relationship for the rest of the book. In a way this event helped Frank achieve his goal of going to America because he moved out and didn’t have to give money for the rest of the family. This shows the maturing of Frank becoming an adult in the memoir. 5. â€Å"The master says its a glorious thing to die for the Faith and Dad says its a glorious thing to die for Ireland and I wonder if theres anyone in the world who would like us to live. My brothers are dead and my sister is dead and I wonder if they died for Ireland or the Faith. Dad says they were too young to die for anything. Mam says it was disease and starvation and him never having a job. Dad says, Och, Angela, puts on his cap and goes for a long walk† (113). This quote gave explanation to Frank, in which he started to understand his parent’s conflictions. Frank began to understand that his mother blamed the death of her younger children on their father for drinking the money for food away. In the fathers defense he just goes for long walks to avoid the conflict. As a young boy, Frank is confused who his younger siblings died for, the faith or Ireland. 6. â€Å"I know when Dad does the bad thing. I know when he drinks the dole money and Mam is desperate and has to beg at the St. Vincent de Paul Society and ask for credit at Kathleen O’Connell’s shop but I dont want to back away from him and run to Mam. How can I do that when Im up with him early every morning with the whole world asleep? †(208). This quote demonstrates Frank’s love towards each of his parents even though he knows the troubles they are all having. Frank realizes his dad drinks away all their money leaving them with no food or heat. He knows that his mom has the right thinking over his dad, but Frank still loves his father so he doesn’t want to abandon him and always be with Angela. He wants to spend time with his dad without people and his family watching him do it. Frank understands that people realize what his father does wrong, but Frank still loves him and doesn’t want to let him go. 7. Im on deck the dawn we sail into New York. Im sure Im in a film, that it will end and lights will come up in the Lyric Cinema. The priest wants to point out things but he doesn’t have to. I can pick out the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island, the Empire State Building, the Chrysler Building, the Brooklyn Bridge. There are thousands of cars speeding along the roads and the sun turns everything to gold. Rich Americans in top hats white ties and tails must be going home to bed with the gorgeous women with white teeth. The rest are going to work in warm comfortable offices and no one has a care in the world† (359). I chose this quote because it shows that Frank McCourt eventually achieves his life -long dream of returning back to America. Since he has lived in America before, it’s like returning back home for him. He recognizes New York City because that’s where he was born and raised for a while. Frank is excited because he realizes he took on a challenge, succeeded, and is now onto a new fresh start on creating a life of his own. At this point of the story he realizes he got out of his trap in life (Limerick) and escaped into freedom (America). Frank Understands that he will become one of the rich people and work in warm office. 8. â€Å"You have to study and learn so that you can make up your own mind about history and everything else but you can’t make up an empty mind. Stock your mind, stock your mind. It is your house of treasure and no one in the world can interfere with it† (208). This quote explains why the school system is important for young children because life depends on how well you did in school and how much you learned. You have to learn a lot so you can stock your brain up with facts and make a good life history out of yourself. Your history in life depends on you and your brain, and if you don’t go to school and learn, then you won’t live a very nice life. Overall it got Frank to go to school, to then get him a job, and finally get him to America. 9. â€Å"There’s no use saying anything in the schoolyard because there’s always someone with an answer and there’s nothing you can do but punch them in the nose and if you were to punch everyone who has an answer you’d be punching morning noon and night† (157). Frank McCourt is thinking this when he gets made fun of for getting a treat from his friend. He is ashamed but he knows that if he retaliates they will just come up with another insult. This really means that retaliations just start an even bigger argument of fight, so it’s better just not to say anything, and walk away. If everyone were to talk back to each other after every insult, then the fights would never end and you would always be â€Å"punching morning noon and night†. This taught Frank to solve his problems in a mature manner instead of starting an even bigger problem compared to the original situation. 10. I feel sorry for them and I say, Billy, what’s the use in playing croquet when you’re doomed? He says, Frankie, what’s the use of not playing croquet when you’re doomed? † (173). This quote is used to say that if you did something wrong and you know you’re going to get punished you may as well have some fun before ge tting punished. It says that you should not hold back from having harmless fun even though you did something wrong earlier that you might get punished for. Frank says this so he can try to understand why there having fun when they are doomed, while Billy knows they are not really doomed, they just have different beliefs.

How to Increase Your Happiness by Giving Gifts

How to Increase Your Happiness by Giving Gifts I saw a post on Facebook this week from a mom who is advocating that all families get inexpensive gifts for their children so that kids with less aren’t â€Å"heartbroken.† I’m no social economist, but I’m pretty sure if this mom got her way, it would not be good for the global economy. And, while I’m also not a huge fan of conspicuous consumption and I’d like to see everyone getting meaningful gifts for their children, something struck me as â€Å"off† about trying to protect poor children from the pain of seeing other children get big fancy gifts. Isn’t it more important that we all appreciate the value of the gifts we are given? And that we put care into the gifts we give? Studies have shown that giving gifts is a source of happiness even more than receiving them. As reported by Harvard-trained researcher Shawn Achor in his Success Magazine article, â€Å"How (And Why) To Give The Perfect Gift,† â€Å"people who are constantly giving to their families and friends are significantly happier than those who are not.† Regardless of the gift, says Achor, it’s the thoughtfulness that counts- not only for the receiver, but for the giver too. Increasing the anticipation and time put into gift choice and, when applicable, gift creation, gives more joy to the person giving! Even if the recipient doesn’t appreciate the gift as much as the giver desired, the giver has had weeks or months of joy leading up the moment of giving. That’s worth a lot. Choosing the Right Gift I’m in a leadership group where we throw birthday parties for every member of the group and purchase gifts for the birthday boy or girl. The process of choosing a gift is always enlightening. We want it to be something they’ll enjoy, that they wouldn’t get for themselves, and that they won’t throw in the corner and never use. We prefer not to default to Amazon gift cards since we want to show that thought was put into the gift- even if the person has been in our group for only a week! To jump start the process, we get a list from the recipient of things they would want, and we collaborate from there. Gifts have included energy healing sessions, movie popcorn machines, shirts and ties, cologne, and tickets to Disney World. Without fail, the gifts we give hit the mark and we all get to watch birthday person’s excitement when they discover what we’ve given them. When we know people well, it’s usually easy to choose a gift that will light them up, whether that’s something we make by hand, a computer-generated photo album, or an expensive electronic gadget (drone anyone?) I recently discovered the â€Å"subscription-box† option where you can give someone a monthly box of something they will love! In particular, BetterBox seems like a thoughtful choice: a service which delivers monthly boxes with themes like gratitude, creativity, better sleep, and paying it forward. What a great gift for someone who can use incentive for self-care or slowing down! If are close to someone, you’ll probably be able to find the perfect box subscription for them- and it will last all year! Creating Satisfaction There are all kinds of ways to make gift-giving satisfying and joy-inducing for everyone involved. Choosing a charity to give money too has become another popular, and fulfilling, option. One thing’s for sure: Throwing money at a last-minute gift won’t produce a lot of joy- while regardless of cost, a thoughtful gift will bring light to both the giver’s and the recipient’s lives. To the mom on Facebook, I say this: Instead of trying to limit the types of gifts other people give to their kids, how about starting a campaign for all of us to be thoughtful about our gifts, and to value thoughtfulness over price tag, no matter what our budget? Now that would be a cause I could support with gusto.

Hospitality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hospitality - Essay Example Although some hotel rooms may offer two or double rooms, timeshares offer queen or king beds set up in private rooms. Hotels only offer television sets in rooms while for timeshares, television is found in bedroom and living areas. Other amenities offered by timeshares but not offered by hotels include Jacuzzi tub in bathroom, fully equipped kitchen and washer suites. Customers may consider investment initial investment involved in buying a timeshare. Although this could be high, with time, they become cheaper. Six types of timeshares are available for buyers in the market in relation to their tastes, affordability, time and period of ownership, capacity, luxury, and availability. During their early days of invention, most developers provided a fixed one-week unit annually meaning the buyer could only occupy the unit once a week every year. However, many developments and modifications have come into place and flexibility in the product has been rising with increased demand and customer tastes. Until recently, developers did not spend enough time and money in making the structures. It is worth noting, â€Å"Most early timeshare resorts were conversions of old hotels, motels, rental-apartment complexes, or unsold condominiums† (Schreier 3). She further stresses that conversion typically undergo extensive renovation, and they may involve adaptive reuse of historic structures. Today, more time and resources are spent on constructing structures for timesharing purposes. Deeded timeshares gives the customer freedom of owning and using the property until the time of passing to the next party. This means that a title deed is issued to the owner to prove ownership of the property which could also be handed down to an heir if the owner so wishes. Life property timeshares allows the buyer to use the property every year for the rest of his life from the date of ownership. The disadvantage is that their benefits end at the time of death of the owner,

Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Macroeconomics - Essay Example Both are equally bad for the national economy. Current GDP, Inflation and Unemployment Rate The US GDP in year 2012 is estimated at 15.68 trillion. Real GDP in the US increased by 3.6 percent annually in the third quarter of 2013 over second quarter and the inflation rate is estimated at 1 percent in the month of October, 2013 that is lowest since October 2009. Similarly, unemployment rate is estimated at 7 percent in November 2013 down from 7.3 registered in the previous month (US Inflation Rate). Unemployment Rate in Past 10 years The following graph taken from the Bureau of Labor Statistics provides unemployment rates for last 10 years period in the US (Source: http://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS14000000). It is interesting to note that during boom period of economy between 2003 and 2007, unemployment rate continued to slide. Post financial crisis it began rising rapidly and went up to almost 10% during 2009 and 2010. As of now it is hovering around 7 percent. Inflation Scenario in Past 10 years The US Federal Reserve states, "Inflation is a general increase in the overall price levels of the goods and services in the economy" (Federal Reserve). The Fed takes into account several price indexes while calculating inflation. The monetary policy is governed by the Federal Reserve and it aims at achieving maximum employment, low inflation and moderate long-term interest rates. The following graph shows inflation rates for last 10 years in the US. Source: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/inflation-cpi It is amply clear that inflation rates vary significantly in last 10 years. During financial crisis, it touched to as low as -2 % in 2009 and prior to that it was at its peak at 6 percent in 2008. For last several quarters, the inflation rates are hovering between 1% and 2%. The Federal Reserve employs tools of monetary policy to control inflation and bring down unemployment rates as its major objectives. Monetary Policy Influences Inflation and Unemploym ent Usually, the Federal Reserve influences the federal funds rate that banks charge each other for short-term loans. These changes in short-term rates are eventually passed on to the businesses and households for their borrowing needs. Short-term rates also influence long-term rates such as residential mortgage rates, car loans etc. When the federal fund rate is reduced it triggers demand for goods and services. More demand for goods and services tend to generate more employment reducing unemployment rate that exist. Higher demand of the goods and services will also push the wage increase. Post 2007 financial crisis, the Federal Reserve took drastic steps to stabilize financial system and thereby the US economy. In this process, short-term interest rates were brought to near zero. Low interest rates aim at supporting businesses and households to finance new spending and thereby boost the economy and reduce the unemployment rate. However, in this process, there is possibility that i nflation rate would also start going up. As far as inflation rate is within the targeted rate, the Fed rate will keep using the tool of lowering the interest rate to boost the economy and generate the employment. The moment inflation starts exceeding the target rate, the fund rate will move in the reverse direction to cool down the economy and thereby control the inflation rate (Monetary Policy). Post 2007 financial crisis, when the economy was shattered the Fed resorted to the

Can We Control Global Warming?

Can We Control Global Warming? Earth has a natural system of balancing the absorption and release the heat, which it absorbs from the sunlight, but for the last few years, the balance seems to be under severe threat. There has been enormous increase in gases like Carbon -dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide etc. As the temperature rises, there is rise in sea level, due to melting of glaciers and the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica. While sea level is expected to rise almost every year but a considerable variation is seen now-a-days. In some regions, the rise in sea level may be almost nil, but the other might experience a rise of as much as twice the global average. The predictions are that the rise in sea level in some parts of north Pacific and to the west of Greenland may be comparatively more and it can spoil the ecological balance of the respective region. As per the latest reports of U.K. Met offices Hadley centre for climate prediction and research, global warming over the next century might turn out to be much worse than estimated. If the green house gas emissions are stabilised, which means immediate cut of 60-70% emission of carbon dioxide globally, even then the rise of atmospheric temperature would be 1Ãâ€"   C and the rise in would be approximately 1 metre. Based on the finding of the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change, the centre predicted that warming overland could lead to a 6Ãâ€"   C rise in temperature by 2100, which is 2Ãâ€"   C higher than the earlier estimates. As per the findings of the joint study conducted by the Indian Institute of Technology New Delhi and Hadley Centre, the global warming may cause a good increase in rainfall in western coastline. GREENHOUSE EFFECT: Greenhouse effect is an effect caused when there is rise in temperature due to trapping of Suns rays in the Earths atmosphere. The heat and light coming from the sun can get through the atmosphere, but it cannot escape out. Due to this, the temperature of Earths surface rises. As we know that the greenhouse effect help to make the people to live on this Earth. These gases help to keep the atmosphere of earth warmer, but too many gases will make the Earth unusually hot, making the survival difficult here. All the living species would die because there will be no much food. Greenhouse Gases: The role of Greenhouse gases is to the heat and light that is emitted from the sun. When amount of gases in the Earths atmosphere will increase as a result they will larger amount of heat and light and the Earths surface will go warmer. It will be difficult to live in these conditions for humans, animals and plants. These greenhouse gases help in contributing greenhouse effect. Though green house gases are essential as there role is to allow the sunlight to enter the Earths atmosphere and to radiate it back after making the Earths atmosphere warmer. Thus greenhouse gases absorb this heat and trap it in Earths lower atmosphere. First, sunlight shines onto the Earths surface, where it is absorbed and then radiates back into the atmosphere as heat. In the atmosphere, greenhouse gases trap some of this heat, and the rest escapes into space. The more greenhouse gases are in the atmosphere, the more heat gets trapped. Causes of Global Warming on our Environment: While arguments persist, there is a little doubt that human-produced greenhouse gas emissions play a major role in the current warming trend. Nature has a role, but it pales in the face of increasing emissions from human activity. Global warming means that the overall temperature of the earth is changing and getting to be warmer than it was before. The change in temperature can be a result of natural causes of global warming and those which are caused by humans. The gases that are natural causes of global warming are also called greenhouse gases. Although the gases are one of the natural causes of global warming, humans add to them by deteriorating the ozone layer and burning too many fossil fuels. NATURAL CAUSES: Along with human activities natural activities also emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Some of the natural occurrences which cause CO2 emissions include: Volcanic eruptions: Large amount of carbon dioxide is released from the volcanic eruptions. But the amount of CO2 released is much less from the amount emitted by human activities. Solar cycles and cosmic rays: A recent study released by a group of European scientists concluded that The chance of the natural cosmic-ray or solar irradiance explanation being responsible for more than 14% of the observed warming is quite negligible. Gases emitted from a volcano HUMAN CAUSES: 1. Carbon Dioxide From power Plants emission of carbon dioxide from the power plants is one of the most contributing factor for global warming. Large amount of CO2 is released in to the atmosphere from the power plants. According to recent researches, almost half of the carbon dioxide emission comes form the power plants. Natural gas, coal, and oil are the types of polluting power plants. Coal is the biggest contributor out of the 3 because of it releases more carbon than the rest of them. Power plants releasing CO2 2. Pollution emitted from vehicles There are almost, 3 billion vehicles being used today. Vehicles also emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Vehicles emit millions of tons of harmful gases into the air. In some populated cities of the world, this causes some of the smog that is mixture of fog and smoke and also causes ozone problems. Thousands of cases of cancer are reported each year from pollution. 3. Deforestation Deforestation means cutting of trees. Trees help in balancing the ecological system as they absorb carbon dioxide. The more trees that are lost, especially in temperate forest zones, the less carbon dioxide that is recycled into oxygen. 4. Use of Fertilizers With the increase in population the requirement for food has also increased. So to increase the productivity of the food fertilizers are used. The use of large amounts of fertilizers also contributes in global warming. Fertilizers emit large amount of greenhouse gas such as nitrous oxide, which also play a major role in global warming. 5. Methane Methane gas is released into the atmosphere the cattle and the rice fields. After carbon dioxide methane is the second largest contributor to the global warming. EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING: For a long time now the effect of mans industrialization and technological progress has quietly yet continuously eked away at the delicate balance of the planets atmosphere and ecosystem, but within the last 30 or so years the pace of this damage has markedly accelerated. Green house gases stay can stay in the atmosphere for an amount of years ranging from decades to hundreds and thousands of years. No matter what we do, global warming is going to have some effect on Earth. Here are some effects of global warming:- 1. Melting of Polar Ice Caps As expected, rising global temperatures are causing the glaciers to recede. It will raise the sea level. There are 5773000 cubic miles of water in ice caps, glaciers, and permanent snow. If all glaciers melt today the seas will rise about 230 feet. Luckily, thats not going to happen in a single day. But the sea level will rise, which will affect 3 billion of our population. Some of the glaciers have totally disappeared 2. Increased probability of heat waves and droughts Although some areas of Earth will become wetter due to global warming, other areas will suffer serious droughts and heat waves. Africa will receive the worst of it, with more severe droughts also expected in Europe. Water is already a dangerously rare commodity in Africa, and according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, global warming will exacerbate the conditions and could lead to conflicts and war. 3. Economic consequences Most of the effects of anthropogenic global warming wont be good. And these effects spell one thing for the countries of the world: economic consequences. Hurricanes cause do billions of dollars in damage, diseases cost money to treat and control and conflicts exacerbate all of these. 4. Diseases caused by increasing of earths temperature Thirty of the new diseases that emerged in the last 20 years, many thrive in warmer and wetter weather. Malaria one of its example which kills about 1 to 2 million people a year worldwide. About 90 % of new cases occur in Africa and Southeast Asia. Although the disease is almost rare in developed countries, that could change with global warming. As soon as 50 years from now, malaria could spread to parts of the world that are too cold to support life cycle of the mosquitoes and their parasites that transmit disease. 5. Warmer waters and more hurricanes As the temperature of oceans rises, so will the probability of more frequent and stronger hurricanes. It appears that global warming already has increased the frequency of heavy rains in the United States. Which is caused by warmer air can hold more water vapours than cooler air can, so when it rains it really pours. Preventive Measures: Never before in the history, global warming has drawn such attention of policymakers, academicians and the court at least in India. A lot of research has been done in the last a few years to find the suitable linkage between economic activities and global warming and a need for new technologies has felt in order to save our environment. We can reduce the demand for fossil fuels, which in turn reduces global warming. ROLE OE PEOPLE 1. Reduce, Reuse and recycle People must do their bit to reduce wastes by choosing reusable products over of disposables. Buying products with minimum packing will help to reduce wastes. If half of our household waste is recycled then we can save 1000 kg of carbon dioxide annually. 2. Using less heat and Air Conditioning Adding proper insulation to our walls of the house and applying weather stripping around doors and windows can result in lowering our heating expenditure more than 25%, by reducing the amount of energy we need to heat or cool our homes. While sleeping at night or away during the day we must turn off the heating appliances. We must keep temperatures moderate while using AC. 3. Drive less and Drive smart Global warming can be reduced by not using vehicles for every purpose. By not using vehicle for 25km for a week we can save 30kg of carbon dioxide emission to the air. Use of petrol and diesel must be reduced. Also while driving, make sure that the car is running efficiently. For example, keeping the tyres properly inflated can improve the mileage by more than 3%. 4. Afforestation It is assumed that planting more trees will solve the problem as the trees absorb more carbon dioxide, but is a wrong presumption. Planting more trees will absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in some parts of the world, but in the other parts, global warming may hamper the growth of trees or even may cause their destruction. Therefore, afforestation may not be a perfect solution to this problem. ROLE OF GOVERNMENT The government is doing many things to help stop global warming. The government made a law called The Clean Air Act so there is less air pollution. Global warming is making people get very bad illness that could make them disabled, very sick and sometimes even die. The Clean Air Act is making many companies to change product production to decline the problems. The laws made give the information that no one is allowed to put much pollutants into the air. The Clean Air Act has also made car companies to change something to reduce the amount of pollution caused by them. Also many schemes and co-operations are made by the government has been successful to some extent. Facts about global warming: 1. Antarctica home of thousands of penguins is getting hotter slowly and gradually. In Antarctica the annual melt season has increased up to three weeks in the last twenty years. 2. Mount Kili Manjaro has lost 75% of its ice cap since 1912. The ice on the Africas highest peak could vanish totally within next 15 years if no remedial measures are taken. 3. Venezuelan mountain peaks had only two glaciers today out of six. 4. Indias worst heat stroke killed more than 2500 people in 1998. 5. Polar Bears in Hudson Bay are having fewer cubes, possibly as a result of earlier spring ice break up. 6. Since 1950s, Arctic ice has declined by 15%. 7. Coral reefs suffer from the loss of algae that colour and nourish them. The process called bleaching is caused by Warmer Ocean. 8. Florida farmland up to 300 meters inland from Biscayne Bay is being in filtered by salt water rendering the land too toxic for crops. Salt water is also nibbling at the edge of the farms on Marylands eastern shore. Conclusion: The bottom line is coming and we have to figure out what can we do. Waters rising will be disaster, food will be affected and we need to plan for the catastrophies. This will affect every one of us and we all are in the heap of trouble and will soon accepting this fact. We should put serious effort to overcome the problems and strive as much as possible to reinstate our earth for the sake of our future generations. In the nutshell the global warming has become a grave threat to the ecological balance of the Earth. The civilization is slowly moving towards the doomsday. All the nations, particularly the most industrialized, developed countries have to be active to take immediate action on the matter, otherwise, the human race has to face an unimaginable peril and the day is not too far. MOTHER EARTH MAKES A CALL PRESERVE OR DESTROY ALL

It’s Your Ship

Book Information Title: It’s Your Ship: Management Techniques from the Best Damn Ship in the Navy Author: Captain D. Michael Abrashoff Publisher’s Name: Warner Books, Inc.Publisher’s Location, Year of Publication: New York, NY, 2002 Number of Pages: 210 pages Content The overall objective of the book is to teach new, and old, leaders to become better leaders. While anyone can benefit from reading this book, the intended audience is leaders in any organization. One statistic that should be alarming to all leaders of businesses was that 65 percent of people leave their companies because of the managers (Abrashoff, 2002). How do leaders change that statistic?Abrashoff believes that running a ship is very similar to running any business; it takes motivating a crew to perform at the best of their abilities to achieve optimal efficiency and completion of tasks. He successfully takes his experiences from leading a Naval crew and teaches the audience how to apply it to t heir organizations. Along with highlighting every winning moment he and his crew experienced on the USS Benfold, Captain Abrashoff also shows failing moments the team had to endure. Those examples show the audience that in order to succeed, there has to be some trials along the way.Abrashoff introduces readers to the 11 lessons he has learned that helped him become a better leader: take command; lead by example; listen aggressively; communicate purpose and meaning; create a climate of trust; look for results, not salutes; take calculated risks; go beyond standard procedure; build people up; generate unity; and improve the crew’s quality of life. He dedicated a chapter to each lesson and explains the importance of each and how to apply them to any business. Chapter one talks about how Abrashoff became the captain of USS Benfold and how he had to take command.His first obstacle was wondering if everyone was going to like him. He quickly realized that â€Å"be likable is not hi gh among a ship captain’s job requirements†¦ to be respected, trusted, and effective† is (Abrashoff, 2002, p. 12). After that, he realized â€Å"a challenge for leaders†¦ is attracting and retaining †¦ the best employees and more important, how to motivate them so that they work with passion, energy, and enthusiasm† (Abrashoff, 2002, p. 12). Leaders need to listen to their employees so they can better understand what they are going through. Along with listening, employees need to be motivated.Motivation helps employees want to do their work and do the best job. Another obstacle was learning the real reason why soldiers were not re-enlisting. Abrashoff (2002) stated the following: I read some exit surveys, interviews conducted by the military to find out why people are leaving. I assumed that low pay would be the first reason, but in fact it was fifth. The top reason was not being treated with respect or dignity; second was being prevented from maki ng an impact on the organization; third, not being listened to; and fourth, not being rewarded with more responsibility. p. 13) All of those reasons are very similar to why people are leaving civilian jobs. Only one conclusion could come from it: all leaders are making the same mistakes. The best answer for those obstacles was summed up perfectly when he talked about his organizing principle. Abrashoff (2002) said â€Å"the key to being a successful skipper is to see the ship through the eyes of the crew† (p. 13). The leader does not always come up with the ideas; leaders would benefit greatly if they listened to their crew more. Empowering employees makes them realize their potential.When â€Å"given the right environment, there are few limits to what people can achieve† (p. 31). After taking command, a great leader must lead by example. In chapter two, Abrashoff discovered â€Å"90 percent of the time, I was at least as much a part if the problem as my people wereâ €  (p. 33). When things go wrong and tasks are not completed, a manager usually blames the employees. Abrashoff used a different approach; he looked at himself and wondered what he may have done wrong in certain situations. By recognizing their own faults, a leader can learn from them and show their employees that they are learning from them.There were four sections of the chapter that was very important. The first section was on remembering the effect one has on people. Leaders need to understand how they affect their people, â€Å"their optimism and pessimism are equally infectious† (p. 35). If the leader is in a bad mood, the employees will sense that and be in the same mood. Abrashoff talks about his â€Å"dark side† and how he purposely stays away from his crew when he is having a bad day. The second section talks about holding leaders accountable. Leaders need to make sure they recognized their part in a mishap and take some of the blame.The Washington Post te st was the next section. If there is any concern on whether something is the right thing to do, picture it being on the front page of a newspaper. Would it cause embarrassment or would it be something to celebrate? Abrashoff thinks that every decision a leader can make should be based on that test. The last section is about obeying a policy even when a leader disagrees. There are plenty of times a manager will disagree with a policy or procedure handed down by upper management; a great leader will support it anyway.Undermining superiors will show employees that they can do the same. In chapter three, Abrashoff stresses the importance of listening. He talked about his experiences with watching William Perry have conversations with people and how Perry always gave his complete attention to each person. In result, Perry was respected and people felt good in his presence. Abrashoff started to focus on really listening to his crew and treating each conversation like it was the most impor tant conversation he was having. While having these conversations, Abrashoff learned to â€Å"see the ship through the crew’s eyes† (p. 4). He discovered that his crew had many good ideas about how to make the environment more enjoyable; they were there every single day and knew a lot about the day-to-day operations on the ship. It would make sense to listen to their ideas. One of his first goals was to learn every soldier’s name, their spouse’s name, and all the names of their children. Then, he continued to learn different things about each of them. He talks about realizing his crew was just like him, â€Å"they had hopes, dreams, loved ones, and they wanted to believe that what they were doing was important† (p. 46).In turn, his crew earned more of his respect and it became easier for them to talk to him and share their ideas. Finding round people for round holes was his next point in the chapter. Since he knew his people so well, he was able to match them with the perfect job. After having an assistant that was not good at handling paperwork, Abrashoff found a younger seaman named David Lauer, who was labeled as a â€Å"troublemaker† to take over the task. Lauer shined in that task and Abrashoff asked him why he had so much trouble in his last job. The seaman said that he felt like his suggestions were not being heard and he just gave up.This example proved that listening aggressively can benefit leaders immensely. â€Å"Word magic† was the last lesson Perry taught Abrashoff. Abrashoff believed â€Å"if leaders back their words with action†¦ practice what they preach, their words create a self-fulfilling prophecy† (p. 50). Every time someone talked about the USS Benfold, it was referred to as â€Å"the best damn ship in the Navy. † He wanted his crew to say it so they believed it and in turn, everyone else believed it. The next lesson is about communicating the purpose and meaning of every task.Abrashoff said it best in the first sentence of chapter four, â€Å"the whole secret of leading a ship or managing a company is to articulate a common goal that inspires a diverse group of people to work hard together† (p. 52). When employees understand why a task it needed and how they can benefit from it, they are more likely to give their all in completing it. It is a shame that someone spends so much time at work and does not believe in the work they are doing. He wanted his crew to really love what they were doing every time they boarded that ship.If a leader makes their crew think they can do anything, they will believe it. Abrashoff thought that if he communicated with his crew about everything, they would understand and be more involved. He was against keeping his people in the dark, â€Å"secrecy spawns isolation, not success† (p. 55). It would be an advantage to the entire team when everyone knew the goals. That ties into opening up the clogged channels in an organization. By communicating the information effectively, the team produced better results. Abrashoff gave the example of the communication system in the Gulf War and how vital messages were never received.With the idea from one of his crew members, John Rafalko, the airways were cleared and messages were received. Abrashoff gave complete credit to Rafalko, claiming he only listened to the idea and supported Rafalko. Chapter five addressed the importance of creating a trusting environment, â€Å"the best way to keep a ship—or any organization—on course for success is to give the troops all the responsibility they can handle and then stand back† (p. 63). When employees are trusted to do their jobs, it makes it easier for them to focus on the task, not the micromanaging.Another way to encourage trust in the workplace was to not make employees compete against each other. Abrashoff wanted his candidates to work together instead of working against each other . He believed that that competition created distrust and division among the crew and in the long run, did not help the entire crew. Abrashoff said that anyone can bounce back from a bad decision. By helping someone recognize their screw up, it sends a message to the entire team that they will receive the same attention. By giving up on someone, â€Å"they understand instantly that there’s no room for redemption†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 7). Also, never bring a problem to the boss if it can be fixed without him; Abrashoff did advise to only get the boss involved if it cannot. Finally, when dealing with a difficult boss, it is best to shield the crew from that person. The morale stays high and it is less likely for employees to be corrupted or turned off by that person. The chapter on looking for results, not salutes, talked about looking at every one as an equal. Abrashoff encouraged leaders to let their crews speak up with their ideas; they should be able to question the authority.B y knocking down barriers between the captains and the crew members, it encourages people to get to know one another and be more likely to speak up when something can be done better. Abrashoff gave many examples throughout the book about his team questioning some of the decisions and policies in place and in the end, the team improved some things. Here, again, he stresses the importance of involving the team in everything and letting them get involved in the decision-making process, â€Å"innovation knows no rank† (p. 96). With the achievements, he did tell leaders to accept failures.Leaders should not reprimand employees when they make an attempt to solve a problem and it does not work; everyone should have the â€Å"freedom to fail† (p. 94). The next chapter talked about taking calculated risks. Employees worry about taking risks because the consequences can be devastating. Disciplinary action, even termination, can be the result of taking a risk and failing. Abrashof f believes in celebrating the risk-takers, even if it ends in failure. Everyone makes mistake; â€Å"show me someone who has never made a mistake, and I will show you someone who is not doing anything to improve your organization† (p. 04). The people that make their own decisions are the ones leaders should really be behind. Abrashoff said â€Å"if all you give are orders, then all you will get are order-takers† (p. 107). Leaders need to let their employees take responsibility; that is how self-starters are born. When that self-starter is unearthed, leaders need to take a chance on them. Abrashoff proved that even the delinquent crew member can turn out to be a hard working one. He used the example of the crew member who was left behind because he forgot to set his alarm.The sailor was placed on restriction since it was a serious offense, but he continued to excel in his job. When he found out his mother was ill, he put in for leave and was turned down by every leader. Abrashoff decided to grant him the leave and it did wonders for the sailor. He was very motivated to do a great job and to not let down his team mates again. In the end, the sailor left the Navy and became a defense contractor. The last section of the chapter was about breaking rules. Abrashoff said to break the rules that did not make sense and break the ones that did make sense, just very carefully.This part was pretty self-explanatory; it is okay to challenge the rules. As he was saying throughout the entire book, if something is wrong, find another way to do it. There are bad rules and it is the leader’s job to find a better way to do things, or encourage their employees to find a better way. Chapter eight was all about going above and beyond. Abrashoff thought to get outstanding results, leaders had to go beyond the standard procedures, â€Å"innovation and progress are achieved only by those who venture beyond standard operating procedures† (p. 119).Like he has said many times in the book, Abrashoff wanted his crew to take those risks and really think of way to change the system. He wanted self-starters and people with great ideas because it was not just his ship, it was everybody’s ship. In chapter nine, Abrashoff goes back to his people and talked about building them up. This chapter had a lot of points in it and it is one of the important lessons in the book; confident employees help any organization. Building self-esteem in the individual benefits the entire team, â€Å"never tear them down; help them grow strong† (p. 41). The message ties in with the trust piece; showing an employee that they are trusted and cared for makes a big difference in the way they work. Praise every single success, no matter how big or small, was important to Abrashoff. He believed that this practice, not only, worked on crew members, but it could be used on the big bosses: If you want to achieve anything in a large bureaucracy, get inside the b osses’ head. Anticipate what they want before they know they want it. Take on their problems; make them look so good that you become indispensable.When they can’t get along without you, they will support nearly anything you seek to accomplish. (p. 141) If leaders just trusted their people more, they would see that they usually get it right. People with talent, when motivated, can surprise people and move up in the ranks. Employees want to do a good job and prove they can do the job; leaders should trust that they can. And leaders must trust the new people and teach them well. New people are a great asset to any organization; they can be molded, with the proper training, into anything the leader wants.It is important to keep them fired up; any old influences—older crew members—can ruin their attitudes with any negativity. A proper â€Å"welcome aboard† program is imperative; newbies can be discouraged very easily if their first day is a disaster. Mo st importantly, expect the best from every employee. Leaders need to invest fully into their people and they will get it back tenfold. Abrashoff stated that if we â€Å"stopped treating them as if they are stupid, they would perform better† (p. 158). When they are not performing at their best, leaders should give honest feedback constantly.The employees cannot fix their problems if they do not know what they are doing wrong. This reduced the surprises during the review process; leaders would not have to talk about all the things that need improving during the review if they do it in the moment. Another best practice is to ask the bottom performers to rate their performances themselves. They are more honest to the fact that they are the bottom performers compared to their team mates. After that, come up with an action plan and set expectations on when to fix the problems.Leaders, then, should continue to coach in the moment and be open and honest with their employees. A team c annot succeed if they is no unity. Chapter ten addressed the importance of unity in a team and how the leader must create that with his employees. He claimed that â€Å"one of the toughest things for organizations to accomplish is to get people to set aside personal differences and work for the good of everyone involved† (p. 168). One of his main focuses was to train for unity. He started off with finding common interests among everyone. Then, he wanted his crew to find â€Å"positive reasons to value others† (p. 173).He, ultimately, experienced a decline in the reports on racial prejudice and sexual harassment because the ship’s morale was very positive. Punishment needs to be dealt out fairly in organizations. Leaders need to hold their team accountable for their actions, but also, learn to give them a second chance. Every employee needs to know they will be punished accordingly and after they have paid for their crime, the slate is wiped clean. Going back to the chapter about accepting the failures, it is important to learn from it and move on. Abrashoff believed everyone deserves a second chance, just like the sailor how overslept.Now any man would say if his woman is not happy, he is not happy; Abrashoff agreed with that ideal. By making the women feel like part of the team, just as the men did, Abrashoff prevented gender issues. Sexual harassment was down and everyone respected one another. It, also, helped the men on the ship calm down and be more mature. They saw the women as their equals and pushed them to step it up a bit. This lesson is very important in civilian organizations; equality between the sexes still has not been achieved and many leaders should take notes on this chapter.Abrashoff ended the chapter with examples of extraordinary female sailors he has worked with and how important they were to his team. The last lesson that Abrashoff talked about was improving the quality of the team’s life. He embraced the idea of having fun with the team and making the work environment fun. Many leaders frown upon fraternization and would probably look at Abrashoff’s practices as that. But his message was all about enjoying life and friends and he did it in very simple ways. He organized karaoke and alcohol-free happy hour on Fridays, movie nights on Saturdays, and playing music anytime work was involved.It lifted the morale and everyone was laughing and having fun. Good food was another important part of improving the quality of life in the crew members. Abrashoff saw food as an important part of the ship. People could relax and socialize over a good meal and productivity could only increase. Even having a Thanksgiving meal when one is far away from home sends a caring message to the crew and makes people feel good. Reviewer’s Evaluation In my opinion, this book can be very helpful to anyone trying to be a better manager.It really opens the reader’s eyes on the proper way to manage and how to let go of the â€Å"typical† manager style. I really like the part about looking through the employee’s eyes and getting the employees more motivated to do a better job. I believe Abrashoff really challenges the common ideal that managers should be unapproachable and listened to; authority and rules should never be questioned and always followed. He promotes risk-taking and challenging bad rules and really wants the leader to empower their team to make decisions and be innovative.It’s Your Ship is an informative book that can help any leader become a better leader or learn new techniques to become the best leader. I am not sure how this book looks compared to other books like it, but I know the title alone is catchy and I would probably pick this one up first if I had to choose (I think it is because the word â€Å"damn† is on the cover! ). I think it was very appropriate for us BBA students in the business administration field because most of the jobs are supervisor positions. Not only can we students benefit from it, I think everyone can take some pointers from this book.Some may not make it to a supervisor position in an office or retail setting, but there are leader positions everywhere: churches, volunteer work, etc. Each and every leader/manager can really profit from this book. The contribution of the book is huge; the message is so important to all managers. From my experience, I have been managed by many managers and became a manager myself. Many of these lessons would have been an advantage to my superiors and to me. Some of the chapters really spoke to me, such as learning to trust people to do their jobs.I can admit that that was one area that I struggled in when I was a store manager. I really feel that Abrashoff did a great job explaining his practices and he made it very interesting to learn about them. I would definitely recommend this book not only to BBA students, but to many of my retail friends and som e of my current supervisors. Reviewer’s Information Name: Shanita Kitts Affiliation: Averett University Address: 1300 Dover Place, Lynchburg, VA 24502 References Abrashoff, D. M. (2002). It’s your ship: Management techniques from the best damn ship in the navy. New York, NY: Warner Books, Inc.